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The past Perfect الماضي التام |
متى نستخدم الماضي التام؟
نستخدم الماضي التام عندما تكون عندنا جملة فيها حدثين حصلا في الماضي ونريد أن نبين بأن الحدث الأول سبق الحدث الثاني.مثلا:
البارحة؛ شاهدت التلفزيون بعد ذالك ذهبت إلى الفراش. (في هذه الجملة يوجد حدثين. الأول هو مشاهدة التلفزيون و الثاني هو الذهاب إلى الفراش. لكي نميز في اللغة الإنجليزية بأن الحدث الأول وقع قبل الحدث الثاني نضع الفعل في الحدث الأول في الماضي التام ونضع الفعل في الحدث الثاني في الماضي البسيط) فنقول:
Last night , after I had watched television I went to bed
البارحة بعدما شاهدت التلفزيون ذهبت إلى الفراش
يتكون التام بوضع had + past participle
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played |
had |
I |
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played |
had |
You |
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played |
had |
He |
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played |
had |
She |
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played |
had |
It |
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played |
had |
We |
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played |
had |
You |
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played |
had |
They |
يتكون النفي في الماضي التام بوضع كلمة not بين had و past participle .
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played |
not |
had |
I |
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played |
not |
had |
You |
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played |
not |
had |
He |
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played |
not |
had |
She |
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played |
not |
had |
It |
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played |
not |
had |
We |
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played |
not |
had |
You |
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played |
not |
had |
They |
كيف نطرح السؤال في الماضي التام؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون السؤال في الماضي التام بوضع had مكان الفاعل و الفاعل مكان had
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played? |
I |
had |
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played? |
You |
had |
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played? |
He |
had |
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played? |
She |
had |
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played? |
It |
had |
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played? |
We |
had |
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played? |
You |
had |
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played? |
They |
had |
ملاحظة: يمكن أن نستخدم الصيغة الكاملة لكلمة had أو الصيغة المختصرة d' و يبقى المعنى هو نفسه.
I had watched television
أو
I'd watched television